Physical indicators for pollution detection in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

Abstract

Physical pollution indicators are numerical values supporting tangible perception on the state of a given aquatic or terrestrial ecosystem. Physical pollution indicators track qualitative and quantitative changes over time. Most of the physical pollution indicators are applicable in a wide variety of ecosystems from local to regional to national levels. They include temperature, color, odor, aggregate stability, available water capacity, bulk density, infiltration rate, slaking, crusts, structure, and macro-pores. Only, the most distinct and reliable physical pollution indicators with the actual wide practice were designated.