BBAuthors: Wong, S. Y.; Advisor: -; Participants: Yap, K. S.; Zhai, Q.; Li, X. (2019)
Most existing state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms discover sophisticated representations in huge datasets using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that mainly adopt backpropagation (BP) algorithm as the backbone for training the face recognition problems. However, since decades ago, BP has been debated for causing trivial issues such as iterative gradient-descent operation, slow convergence rate, local minima, intensive human intervention, exhaustive computation, time-consuming, and so on. On the other hand, a competitive machine learning algorithm called extreme learning machine (ELM) emerged with extreme fast implementation and simple in theory has overcome the challenges fa... 
