The long-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on environmental health: a review study of the bi-directional effect

Abstract

In early December 2019, an unusual pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan city, China, created an unprecedented and irreversible impact on the entire world 2/24/2023 12:58:00 PM. The symptoms of COVID-19 range from mild to severe, and include mainly fever, cough, and respiratory distress. Severe cases of pneumonia and hypoxemia result in considerable mortality (Rothan and Byrareddy 2020). The etiology has been linked to the new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). According to the COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update by the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 9 May 2021, there have been a total of 163,965,336 COVID-19 cases with 3,397,147 fatalities (World Health Organization 2021). However, the new dynamics of the outbreaks seem highly variable among countries