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Authors: Reckien, D.; Georgiadou, Y.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - The emblematic intergovernmental Group of Earth Observations (GEO) sees food, water and energy security, natural hazards, pandemics of infectious diseases, sustainability of key services, poverty, and climate change as societal challenges. We regard the abovementioned societal challenges as wicked policy problems involving multiple or unknown causes, anticipated and unanticipated effects, and high levels of disagreement among governance stakeholders concerning the nature (and even the existence) of a problem and the appropriateness of solutions. In this Special Issue, we attempt to take the pulse of how we, as geo-information scientists, tackle wicked problems in the global North and South.
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Authors: Andreo, V.; Metz, M.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - We present a novel method to fully reconstruct MODIS daily LST products for central Europe at 1 km resolution and globally, at 3 arc-min. We combined temporal and spatial interpolation, using emissivity and elevation as covariates for the spatial interpolation. The reconstructed MODIS LST for central Europe was calibrated to air temperature data through linear models that yielded R2 values around 0.8 and RMSE of 0.5 K. This new method proves to scale well for both local and global reconstruction. We show examples for the identification of extreme events to demonstrate the ability of these new LST products to capture and represent spatial and temporal details. A time series of global monthly average, minimum and maximum LST data and long-term averages is freely available for download...
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Authors: Kounadi, O.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - Although there is extensive problemoriented literature on geoinformation disclosure, our work provides a clear guideline with practical relevance, containing the steps that a research campaign should follow to preserve the participants’ privacy. We first examine the technical aspects of geoprivacy in the context of participatory sensing data. Then, we propose privacy-preserving steps in four categories, namely, ensuring secure and safe settings, actions prior to the start of a research survey, processing and analysis of collected data, and safe disclosure of datasets and research deliverables.
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Authors: Willemen, L.; Semedi, J.M.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - This conference paper addresses the development of an integrated assessment to spatially measure the impact of geothermal energy development phases on ecosystem services. Listing the effects on the ecosystem services induced by each geothermal development phases and estimating the spatial impact using Geographic Information System (GIS) will result in an overview on where and how much each geothermal development phase affects the ecosystem and how this information could be included to improve national spatial planning.
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Authors: Skidmore, A.; Rashidi, P.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - The novelty of our paper is (1) combining space and time when defining poaching risk for elephant; (2) the inclusion of environmental risk factors to improve the accuracy of the spatio-temporal Bayesian model; and (3) the separate analysis of dry and wet seasons to understand season-dependent poaching patterns. Although Tsavo’s overall poaching level increased over time, the risk of poaching differed significantly across space. Three of the 34 spatial units had a consistently high poaching risk regardless of whether models included environmental risk factors. The findings improve our understanding of elephant poaching and highlight high risk areas within Tsavo where action to reduce elephant poaching is required.
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Authors: Yan, H.S.; Gibson, K.E.B.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - This study assessed sources of variation in irrigation using a large database collected during 9 years (2005–2013) from ca. 1400 maize and soybean producer fields in Nebraska, central USA (total of 12,750 field-year observations). The study area is representative of ca. 4.5 million ha of irrigated land sown with maize and soybean. Influence of biophysical (weather, soil, and crop type) and behavioral (producer skills, risk aversion) factors on irrigation was investigated. Field irrigation distributions showed a substantial number of fields received irrigation amounts that were well above average irrigation for same region-year. These findings indicate that irrigation decisions are influenced by both biophysical and behavioral factors, making predictions of field and regional irrigat...
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Authors: Ceglar, A.; Lecerf, R.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - The MARS-Crop Yield Forecasting System (M-CYFS) is used since 1993 to forecast the yields of all major crops in the European Union (EU) based on gridded runs of the WOFOST crop model. The results are plotted and analyzed at different level: every 10 days for each country crop/combination and each predictor; synthetized every 10 days for each country/crop combination keeping the predictor showing the best relationship with the yield residuals. For the other crops analyzed, the results are also found to be reliable for crops predominantly exposed to water stress and becoming unreliable in agricultural systems exposed to an oceanic climate with a high level of inputs. In comparison, the M-CYFS crop model predictors are more consistent since the predictors summarize the succession of ag...
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Authors: Jat, H.S.; Kumar, V.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - Crop residues and animal dung can contribute a significant portion to the biomass available for conversion to biofuels in Zimbabwe. This paper will extend a quantitative methodology involving the use of probability distributions to rigorously address uncertainty in the quantification of this biomass. The results of 100 000 Monte Carlo simulations using Palisade’s @Risk tool indicates the following at a 90% confidence interval: 2.55-5.50 million Mg/yr. of crop residue and 2.99-4.99 million Mg/yr. of dung is generated. The total exploitable energy was estimated at an annual mean of 26.6 and 16.9 million GJ for crop residue and dung Can productivity and profitability be enhanced in intensively managed cereal systems while reducing the environmental footprint of production? Assessing su...
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Authors: Wolf, J.; Timsina, J.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - The objective of this study is to assess the degree to which Bangladesh can be self-sufficient in terms of domestic maize, rice and wheat production by the years 2030 and 2050 by closing the existing gap (Yg) between yield potential (Yp) and actual farm yield (Ya), accounting for possible changes in cropland area. We assessed potential grain production in the years 2030 and 2050 for six land use change scenarios. In addition, changes in demand with low and high population growth rates, and substitution of rice by maize in future diets were also examined. Total aggregated demand of the three cereals (in milled rice equivalents) in 2030 and 2050, based on the UN median population variant, is projected to be 21 and 24% higher than in 2010. The results of this analysis have important im...
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Authors: Wang, Z.; He, H.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - We examined the distribution characteristics of RPF in the topsoils (0–40 cm) in an oasis agroecosystem in Northwest China. After cotton harvest in 2016, we collected 2304 soil samples - A total of 2471 pieces of RPF were separated and weighted. The accumulation of the larger RPF fragments (>25 mg per piece) primarily took place from 5 to 15 years after mulching started. It took over 15 years for the larger RPF fragments to degrade into smaller ones (<25 mg per piece), which accounted for 65% of the total number of RPF fragments in the field with 19-year of mulching. That said, with the constant mulching management, RPF pieces became more fragmented and distributed deeper, making mulch film recovery more challenging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the dyna...
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