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  • Advances in quantifying soil organic carbon under different land uses in Ethiopia: a review and synthesis

    • Authors: Okolo, C.C.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: Gebresamuel, G.; Retta, A.N.; Zenebe, A.; Haile, M. (2019)

  • Our review indicated that 33.3% of the studies reported soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration, 13.9% reported only SOC stock while 52.8% reported both SOC concentration and stock. Studies focusing on 0–30 cm only were 44%, other studies extending up to 40 to 100 cm were 50%, and studies extending to more than 100 cm accounted for 2.8% while studies without any depth specification accounted for 2.8%. Irrespective of soil type, C stocks in the top soil (0–30 cm) were found to be higher than at subsoil depths. Even though there is significant improvement in C sequestration in exclosures and community forests, the level of C sequestered is still below that of church forests.
  • BB

  • Natural freeze-thaw cycles may increase the risk associated with Salmonella contamination in surface and groundwater environments

    • Authors: Rocard, J.M.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: Asadishad, B.; Samonte, P.R.V.; Ghoshal, S.; Tufenkji, N. (2018)

  • We investigated the influence of temperature fluctuations around the freezing point, known as freeze-thaw (FT), on the inactivation rates, growth, and biofilm formation of a manure-isolated strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, the effects of FT on the transport characteristics of S. typhimurium in quartz sand were monitored in model porewater solutions of two different ionic strengths (IS: 10 and 100 mM KCl) and two different humic acid (HA) concentrations (1 and 5 mg/L). Increasing numbers of FT cycles were found to decrease the deposition of S. typhimurium onto quartz sand and increase the percentage of detached cells in sand-packed column experiments. Based on the calculated bacterial attachment efficiencies, the predicted minimum setback distances between the location of ...