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  • Monitoring of Water and Solute Transport in the Vadose Zone: A Review

    • Authors: Singh, G.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: Kaur, G.; Williard, K.; Schoonover, J.; Kang, J. (2018)

  • A number of contaminants including agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides), heavy metals, trace elements, and pathogenic microbes along with pharmaceuticals and hormones used in animal production move through the soil and are responsible for degradation of groundwater quality. Therefore, it is essential to sample soil solution for better understanding of movement and environmental fate of various contaminants in soils. We review different soil solution extraction samplers. The soil solution samplers discussed here are: drainage lysimeter or soil column, pan lysimeter, resin bags or membranes, wick lysimeters, suction cup, and suction plate. We have reviewed 304 journal articles representing a wide array of scientific disciplines. A brief history of soil solution monitoring and termi...
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  • Manipulation of Soil Texture to Remove Salts from a Drip‐Irrigated Root Zone

    • Authors: Berezniak, A.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: Ben-Gal, A.; Mishael, Y.; Nachshon, U. (2018)

  • Drip irrigation is a useful method for the application of low‐quality water because it does not wet the foliage and limits the spread of contaminants. Nevertheless, when using water containing high levels of dissolved salts, drip irrigation may be insufficient for leaching and can lead to soil salinization. A new conceptual model was tested experimentally and numerically to examine if manipulation of the distribution of soils with different textures could promote the removal of salts from the root zone and increase leaching efficiency. The manipulated root zone consisted of a volume of coarse soil, located under a drip irrigation emitter, surrounded by finer texture soil. We hypothesized that the differences in hydraulic properties between the two soils and the capillary barrier dev...
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  • Modeling tomato evapotranspiration and yield responses to salinity using different macroscopic reduction functions

    • Authors: Yang, H.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: Du, T.; Mao, X.; Shukla, M.K. (2020)

  • Results indicated no changes in leaf photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) up to 2 dS m−1 irrigation water salinity. Nonlinear models better described tomato yield and seasonal ET. The proposed new model performed best when compared with four previous models to predict tomato yield and ET responses to salinity. The calculated soil salinity threshold values (ECe*) from the new model were 1.73 dS m−1 for yield and 2.52 dS m−1 for ET. Data from published studies on effects of irrigation water salinity (ECw) on tomato yield and ET were analyzed to validate models. The results showed that the new model was simpler and superior in estimating plant responses to ECw. Tomato is a salt‐sensitive crop, and irrigation with brackish waters adversely inf...
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