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Authors: El-Shikha, D.; Eranki, P.L.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - This study, the first of its kind for guayule, compares the metrics of energy consumption, lifecycle environmental impacts and irrigation water productivity. Drip irrigation showed a more efficient use of the applied water by generating higher rubber (46%) and bagasse (dry matter) yields (49%) compared to flood irrigation. On the other hand, drip irrigation showed 13% higher energy consumption than flood because of the additional burdens of water pumping. Experimental field operations were the central contributor to energy consumption in both irrigation methods. By separating a crucial stage of guayule production, namely irrigation, connections emerge between various key parameters in the two irrigation methods; accordingly, the outcomes from the evaluation of these two irrigation s...
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Authors: Li, S.; Alun, G.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - This paper summarizes and analyzes the influences of coal mining and utilization on water resources. Quantitative indicators are used to quantify relevant influences and transform the influences from material amount to monetary amount to gain the summation of the influences in the entire process. Results show that mining of coal per ton generally causes depletion of 1.32 m3 water resources, pollution to 0.88 m3 water resources, and destruction of 0.17 m2 water ecological environment on the average, thereby making a comprehensive cost of approximately 50.61 yuan. Taking thermal power industry as an example, per-ton-coal utilization means depletion of water resources of 26.35 m3 and the comprehensive cost of 86.61 yuan. To utilize coal resources scientifically and to respond to the ob...
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Authors: Luis Garrote, L.; Iglesias, A.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - Here we characterise the main risks across European regions and evaluate adaptation strategies by reviewing over 168 highly relevant publications that appeared in the last 15 years. Based on this extensive database we characterise the effort and benefit of a number of agronomic and policy measures, aiming to develop concrete adaptation plans and responding to concrete regional challenges. The adaptation choices consider current technological perspectives and do not project future technological change; we are certain that technological change will shape some choices for adaptation in the coming decades. The greatest scope for action is in improving adaptive capacity and responding to changes in water demands, however the implementation requires revamping current water policy, adequat...
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Authors: Arodudu, O.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - In light of possible future restrictions on the use of fossil fuel, due to climate change obligations and continuous depletion of global fossil fuel reserves, the search for alternative renewable energy sources is expected to be an issue of great concern for policy stakeholders. This study assessed the feasibility of bioenergy production under relatively low-intensity conservative, eco-agricultural settings (as opposed to those produced under high-intensity, fossil fuel based industrialized agriculture). Estimates of the net energy gain (NEG) and the energy return on energy invested (EROEI) obtained from a life cycle inventory of the energy inputs and outputs involved reveal that the energy efficiency of bioenergy produced in low-intensity eco-agricultural systems could be as much a...
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Authors: Tol, C.V.D.; Raj, R.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - In this study, we present a Bayesian framework to calibrate the widely used process-based simulator Biome-BGC against estimates of gross primary production (GPP) data. We used GPP partitioned from flux tower measurements of a net ecosystem exchange over a 55-year-old Douglas fir stand as an example. The uncertainties of both the Biome-BGC parameters and the simulated GPP values were estimated. The calibrated parameters leaf and fine root turnover (LFRT), ratio of fine root carbon to leaf carbon (FRC : LC), ratio of carbon to nitrogen in leaf (C : Nleaf), canopy water interception coefficient (Wint), fraction of leaf nitrogen in RuBisCO (FLNR), and effective soil rooting depth (SD) characterize the photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen allocation in the orest. The calibration improv...
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Authors: Xia, J.; Sun, Q.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - A Bayesian multi-model inference framework was used to assess the changes in the occurrence of extreme hydroclimatic events in four major river basins in China (i.e., Liaohe River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, and Pearl River Basin) under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios using multiple global climate model projections from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. The results projected more summer days and fewer frost days in 2006–2099. The ensemble prediction shows the Pearl River Basin is projected to experience more summer days than other basins with the increasing trend of 16.3, 38.0, and 73.0 d per 100 years for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Liaohe River Basin and Yellow River Basin are forecasted to become wetter and warmer with the co-occurrence of in...
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Authors: Zurita-Milla, R.; Wu, X.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - As one spatio-temporal data mining task, clustering helps the exploration of patterns in the data by grouping similar elements together. However, previous studies on spatial or temporal clustering are incapable of analysing complex patterns in spatio-temporal data. For instance, concurrent spatio-temporal patterns in 2D or 3D datasets. In this study we present two clustering algorithms for complex pattern analysis: (1) the Bregman block average co-clustering algorithm with I-divergence (BBAC_I) which enables the concurrent analysis of spatio-temporal patterns in 2D data matrix, and (2) the Bregman cube average tri-clustering algorithm with I-divergence (BCAT_I) which enables the complete partitional analysis in 3D data cube. Here the use of the two clustering algorithms is illustrat...
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Authors: Addor, N.; Etterm, S.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - Water resources in the Alps are projected to undergo substantial changes in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to explore climate change impacts in catchments with hydropower facilities. We found that the annual runoff dynamics will undergo significant changes with more runoff in winter and less in summer by shifting parts of the summer melt runoff to an earlier peak in spring. We furthermore found that the MDC reduces the uncertainty in the projections of glacial runoff and leads to a different distribution of runoff throughout the year than if calibrated to discharge only. We therefore argue that MDC leads to more consistent model results by representing the runoff generation processes more realistically.
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Authors: Duan, Q.; Xia, J.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - This paper addresses the impact of climate change on the water cycle and resource changes in the Eastern Monsoon Region of China (EMRC). It also represents a summary of the achievements made by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (2010CB428400), where the major research focuses are detection and attribution, extreme floods and droughts, and adaptation of water resources management. Therefore, climate change is making a significant impact and will be a risk to the EMRC, which covers almost all of the eight major river basins, such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, and Pearl River, and to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (middle line). To ensure water security, it is urgently necessary to take adaptive countermeasures and redu...
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Authors: Motagh, M.; Mirzaee, S.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - Masouleh is one of the ancient cities located in a high mountainous area in Gilan province of northern Iran. The region is threatened by a hazardous landslide, which was last activated in 1998, causing 32 dead and 45 injured. Significant temporal decorrelation caused by dense vegetation coverage within the landslide area makes the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) for monitoring landslide movement very challenging. In this paper, we investigate the capability of three InSAR time-series techniques for evaluating creep motion on Masouleh landslide. The techniques are Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI), Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) and SqueeSAR. The analysis is done using a dataset of 33 TerraSAR-X images in SpotLight (SL) mode covering a period of 15 months...
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