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Authors: El-Shikha, D.; Eranki, P.L.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - This study, the first of its kind for guayule, compares the metrics of energy consumption, lifecycle environmental impacts and irrigation water productivity. Drip irrigation showed a more efficient use of the applied water by generating higher rubber (46%) and bagasse (dry matter) yields (49%) compared to flood irrigation. On the other hand, drip irrigation showed 13% higher energy consumption than flood because of the additional burdens of water pumping. Experimental field operations were the central contributor to energy consumption in both irrigation methods. By separating a crucial stage of guayule production, namely irrigation, connections emerge between various key parameters in the two irrigation methods; accordingly, the outcomes from the evaluation of these two irrigation s...
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Authors: Li, S.; Alun, G.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - This paper summarizes and analyzes the influences of coal mining and utilization on water resources. Quantitative indicators are used to quantify relevant influences and transform the influences from material amount to monetary amount to gain the summation of the influences in the entire process. Results show that mining of coal per ton generally causes depletion of 1.32 m3 water resources, pollution to 0.88 m3 water resources, and destruction of 0.17 m2 water ecological environment on the average, thereby making a comprehensive cost of approximately 50.61 yuan. Taking thermal power industry as an example, per-ton-coal utilization means depletion of water resources of 26.35 m3 and the comprehensive cost of 86.61 yuan. To utilize coal resources scientifically and to respond to the ob...
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Authors: Hutchins, M.G.; Hutchins, M.G.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - Changes to river flows, water temperature, river and reservoir quality were predicted under three contrasting future “storylines”; one an extension of present day rates of economic development, the others representing more extreme and less sustainable visions. Modelling revealed that lower baseflow conditions will arise under all storylines. For the less extreme storyline river water quality is likely to deteriorate but reservoir quality will improve slightly. The two more extreme futures could not be supported by current management strategies to meet water demand. To satisfy these scenarios, transfer of river water from outside the Thames river basin would be necessary. Consequently, some improvement over present day water quality in the river may be seen, and for most indicators c...
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Authors: Addor, N.; Etterm, S.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - Water resources in the Alps are projected to undergo substantial changes in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to explore climate change impacts in catchments with hydropower facilities. We found that the annual runoff dynamics will undergo significant changes with more runoff in winter and less in summer by shifting parts of the summer melt runoff to an earlier peak in spring. We furthermore found that the MDC reduces the uncertainty in the projections of glacial runoff and leads to a different distribution of runoff throughout the year than if calibrated to discharge only. We therefore argue that MDC leads to more consistent model results by representing the runoff generation processes more realistically.
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Authors: Duan, Q.; Xia, J.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - This paper addresses the impact of climate change on the water cycle and resource changes in the Eastern Monsoon Region of China (EMRC). It also represents a summary of the achievements made by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (2010CB428400), where the major research focuses are detection and attribution, extreme floods and droughts, and adaptation of water resources management. Therefore, climate change is making a significant impact and will be a risk to the EMRC, which covers almost all of the eight major river basins, such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, and Pearl River, and to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (middle line). To ensure water security, it is urgently necessary to take adaptive countermeasures and redu...
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Authors: Sechi, N.; Padedda, B.M.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - The aim of this study was to investigate possible management actions to control eutrophication and assure water use of a eutrophic deep Mediterranean climate reservoir, dominated by cyanobacteria. With this goal, we defined the trophic state of Lake Cedrino (Sardinia, Italy) and studied its phytoplankton, paying particular attention to cyanobacteria, and to seasonal variation of phytoplankton in relation to seasonal variation of environmental variables. On the base of lake features, we propose management actions at different scales and levels to resolve eutrophication and to allow water use: from nutrient load reduction in the watershed (primarily from point-sources) to deep water aeration, to immediately face an attenuation of eutrophic effects. This study is the first explorative ...
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Authors: Tekleab, S.; Dile, Y.T.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - This paper aims to bridge this gap by reviewing the advances in water resources research in the basin while highlighting research needs and future directions. We report that there have been several research projects that try to understand the biogeochemical processes by collecting information on runoff, groundwater recharge, sediment transport, and tracers. More recent research has been using advanced semi-physically/physically based distributed hydrological models using high-resolution temporal and spatial data for diverse applications. We identified several research gaps and provided recommendations to address them. While we have witnessed advances in water resources research in the basin, we also foresee opportunities for further advancement. Incorporating the research findings i...
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Authors: Pederson, G.T.; McAfee, S.A.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - In this management-guided study, we use a very large suite of synthetic climate scenarios in a statistical modeling framework to simultaneously evaluate how (1) average temperature and precipitation changes, (2) initial basin conditions, and (3) temporal characteristics of the input climate data influence water-year flow in the Upper Colorado River. The results here suggest that existing studies may underestimate the degree of uncertainty in future streamflow, particularly under moderate temperature and precipitation changes. These results suggest that simple testing, like the analyses presented in this paper, may be helpful in understanding differences between existing studies or in identifying specific conditions for physically based mechanistic modeling. Both options could reduce...
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Authors: Jincai, Z.; Udimal, T.B.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2017) - This study specifically looked at total water supply in China, water withdrawal from various sources and various usage of water. From the analysis, it was realized that water supply from the underground source contributes greatly to the total water supply in China, a cubic unit withdrawal in underground water results in about 45% increase in the total water supply. Water from other sources also contributes to the total water supply in China. The result shows that a cubic unit increase in withdrawals from other sources results in about 3% change in gross water supply in China. A cubic unit withdrawal of water for industrial use results in about 29% increase in water use in China. For the agriculture sector, the result shows that a cubic unit increase in agriculture usage leads to app...
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Authors: Mahvi, A.H.; Yousefi, M.; Advisor: -; Participants: - (2018) - This cross-sectional study was conducted on the drinking water resources of the city of Jolfa (East Azerbaijan province, Iran) from samples taken from 30 wells. Calcium hardness, pH, total alkalinity, TDS, temperature and other chemical parameters were measured using standard methods. The Langelier, Rayzner, Puckhorius and aggressive indices were calculated. The results showed that the Langelier, Reynar, Puckorius, Larson-skold and aggressive indices were 1.15 (± 0.43), 6.92 (± 0.54), 6.42 (± 0.9), 0.85 (± 0.72) and 12.79 (± 0.47), respectively. In terms of water classification, 30% of samples fell into the NaCl category and 26.6% in the NaHCO3 category and 43.4% samples in the CaHCO3, MgHCO3 and MgCl category. The sedimentation indices indicated that the water of the wells could be...
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