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Browsing by Author Udert, K.M.

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  • Electrochemical nitrite sensing for urine nitrification

    • Authors: Britschgi, L.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: Villez,, K.; Schrems, P.; Udert, K.M. (2020)

  • We found that the influences of various ambient conditions, such as temperature, pH, electric conductivity and aeration rate, in the ranges expected in urine nitrification systems, are negligible. For low nitrite concentrations, as expected in municipal wastewater treatment, the tested amperometric nitrite sensor was not sufficiently sensitive. Nevertheless, the sensor delivered reliable measurements for nitrite concentrations of 5–50 mgN/L or higher. This means that the amperometric nitrite sensor allows detection of critical nitrite concentrations without difficulty in high-strength nitrogen conversion processes, such as the nitrification of human urine.
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  • Practical implementation of true on-site water recycling systems for hand washing and toilet flushing

    • Authors: Greenwood, E.E.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: Ndwandwe, B.; Riechmann, M.E.; Sindall, R.C.; Udert, K.M.; Morgenroth, E. (2020)

  • On-site wastewater reuse can improve global access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene. We developed a treatment system (aerated bioreactor, ultrafiltration membrane, granular activated carbon and electrolysis for chlorine disinfection) that recycles hand washing and toilet flush water. An analysis of 18 selected wastewater reuse specifications revealed that at best these guidelines are only partially applicable to innovative recycling systems as they are focused on the downcycling of water to the environment (e.g., use for irrigation). We believe that a paradigm shift is necessary and advocate for the implementation of risk-based (and thus end-use dependent) system performance ta...
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  • Removal of pharmaceuticals from nitrified urine by adsorption on granular activated carbon

    • Authors: Köpping, I.;  Advisor: -;  Participants: McArdell, C.S.; Borowska, E.; Böhler, M.A.; Udert, K.M. (2020)

  • The probable reason for the later breakthrough with fine GAC is the smaller intraparticle diffusive path length. DOC and UV absorbance measurements at 265 nm indicated that both parameters can be used as indicators for the breakthrough of pharmaceuticals. In contrast to pharmaceuticals and DOC, the nutrient compounds ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, potassium and sulfate were not removed significantly. A comparison with literature values suggests that the amount of GAC needed to remove pharmaceuticals from human excreta could be reduced by nearly two orders of magnitude, if urine were treated on site instead of being discharged and treated in a centralized wastewater treatment plant.