This is the first record of the last 6 Fusarium species from the wheat crop in Iraq as causative pathogens of FHB and FCR. Individual phylogenetic trees of 71 Fusarium isolates reconstructed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences showed that all isolates belonging to each of the 9 Fusarium species form monophyletic groups with identical isolates of the same species. Collective phylogenetic tree of the remaining 17 Fusarium isolates reconstructed based on translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α) gene sequences showed that all isolates belonging to each of the 4 Fusarium species forms monophyletic groups with identical isolates of the same species.
