Efficacy of nano-formulated certain essential oils on the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under laboratory and storage conditions

Abstract

The results obtained showed that the percentage of larval mortality of T. confusum and T. castaneum increased with an increase in the treatment concentrations. Larvae of T. confusum were more susceptible to the treatments than T. castaneum larvae. Nano Janesville oil was more effective than that of coriander or black seed oil. Fecundity and adult emergence percentage are highly suppressed by nano-formulations of coriander, black seed, or Janesville oils under storage conditions, compared to those of the controls or non-nano-oils.